Fibromyalgia Syndrome
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Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition characterized by pain, stiffness and tenderness of the muscles, tendons and joints.1 Although FMS can be disabling, tissue damage and deformity do not occur.1,2 Pain is widespread and chronic. The symptoms, which affect quality of life, tend to wax and wane but do not affect lifespan.3
- Widespread pain lasting > three months4,5
- Tenderness to palpation in areas on both sides of the body above and below the waist.4 The physician may or may not palpate tender points; older diagnostic guidelines (1990) included tender point palpation.
- Fatigue5
- Waking unrefreshed5
- Cognitive symptoms5 (e.g. problems remembering)
- Physical symptoms5 (e.g. headaches, weakness)
Pain Mechanisms
Evidence suggests that those with FMS may suffer from a disorder of the sensory nervous system.6,7 Pain processing is altered, causing amplification of sensory signals. For example, pressure may be interpreted as painful and the ability to regulate pain may be blunted.6
- Psychological distress/stress
- Sleep disturbance
- Genetic susceptibility
- Lifestyle factors (low levels of activity, overweight, smoking)
- Social factors such as socioeconomic status
Physical Therapy Treatment
- Pain Education- Your therapist may describe how components of the pain experience may relate to your individual situation8,9.
- Aerobic Exercise- Tailored to the needs of the individual11
- Strengthening Exercise- Tailored to the needs of the individual11
A balance between activity and rest as well as identification of stress and stress management may be beneficial10. Passive treatments such as massage, manual therapy, moist heat and electrical stimulation may be used.
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Your physician must make a proper diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Medical or multidisciplinary management may involve therapies such as medication, dietary management, and cognitive behavioral therapy.12,13 Along with medical management or as part of a multidisciplinary approach physical therapy may help improve function and well-being in those with FMS10.
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Author: Christopher (C.J.) Eberley, PT, DPT
Board Certified Orthopedic Physical Therapist
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Disclaimer: The views discussed on this website are for educational purposes only. Should you have any questions please consult your physician or physical therapist. Copyright© Kinesis Physical Therapy. All Rights Reserved.
References